Clinical evidence for the use of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) in children

Chamomile is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world, and for good reason. For thousands of years it has been used to soothe upset stomachs, calm fussy babies, ease anxiety, support sleep, and relieve irritated skin. Today, it remains one of the first herbs many naturopathic physicians reach for when treating children because it is gentle, versatile, and has an excellent safety profile.

Despite its reputation as a simple “bedtime tea,” chamomile is far more than a mild sedative. It contains dozens of biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antioxidant, and calming properties. While modern research continues to investigate exactly how chamomile works, its long history of traditional use is increasingly being supported by clinical studies.

If you are considering adding chamomile to your family’s natural medicine cabinet, here’s what parents should know.

What is chamomile?

The name chamomile actually refers to several closely related plants, although the two species most commonly used in herbal medicine are German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). Both produce the familiar daisy-like flowers that are harvested and dried for medicinal use.

Chamomile has been used throughout Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America for centuries. Ancient physicians described it as a remedy for digestive complaints, inflammation, fever, and nervousness, and it eventually became one of the most widely used herbs in pediatric herbal medicine. American Eclectic physicians during the nineteenth century frequently recommended chamomile for infants and young children with digestive complaints, restlessness, and teething discomfort. Although our understanding of herbal medicine has evolved considerably since then, many of these traditional uses continue to be supported by both modern research and clinical experience.

Today, chamomile is commonly prepared as a tea, tincture, glycerite, capsule, topical cream, or bath soak. The dried flowers contain numerous medicinal compounds, including flavonoids such as apigenin and volatile oils such as alpha-bisabolol and chamazulene, which are believed to contribute to many of its therapeutic effects.

Why is chamomile considered one of the classic children’s herbs?

Few herbs are as versatile as chamomile. Rather than acting on just one body system, chamomile appears to have gentle effects throughout the body. It can relax smooth muscle in the digestive tract, reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote a sense of calm without causing significant sedation in most children.

One reason herbalists have relied on chamomile for generations is that many childhood illnesses involve more than one symptom. A child with a viral illness may have a fever, stomach discomfort, irritability, difficulty sleeping, and anxiety all at the same time. Chamomile may help address several of these concerns simultaneously, making it a practical herb for families.

Unlike many medications that target a single symptom, herbs often contain dozens or even hundreds of naturally occurring compounds that work together. Researchers are still learning exactly how these constituents interact, but this complexity may explain why herbs like chamomile have remained useful across so many different conditions.

That does not mean chamomile is a cure-all. It should never replace appropriate medical evaluation for a sick child. However, when used appropriately, it can often serve as a gentle supportive therapy for many common childhood ailments.

Chamomile for stomach aches, gas, and infant colic

Digestive complaints are probably where chamomile shines brightest.

If your child has ever complained of a stomach ache before school, experienced painful gas after a meal, or struggled with occasional indigestion, chamomile has likely been recommended by someone along the way. This recommendation is not simply based on tradition. Chamomile contains compounds that help relax the smooth muscles lining the digestive tract while also reducing inflammation. Together, these effects may ease cramping, bloating, and intestinal discomfort.

For infants, chamomile has perhaps become best known for its role in managing colic.

Colic is one of the most frustrating experiences for new parents. Babies may cry for hours despite being otherwise healthy, leaving exhausted families searching for anything that might provide relief. Although no single treatment works for every infant, chamomile has been studied in several clinical trials with encouraging results.

In one study, infants receiving a combination of chamomile, fennel, and lemon balm cried significantly less than infants receiving a placebo. Another randomized trial found that a preparation containing chamomile, lemon balm, beneficial bacteria, and probiotics reduced crying time more effectively than simethicone, a medication commonly used for infant gas. Earlier research also demonstrated that chamomile-containing tea preparations improved colic symptoms in many infants.

It is important to interpret these studies carefully. Nearly all of the research combines chamomile with other herbs or probiotics, making it impossible to know exactly how much benefit came from chamomile alone. Nevertheless, the overall body of evidence suggests that chamomile may be a useful component of a comprehensive approach to infant colic.

Chamomile has also been studied for diarrhea and other digestive conditions. One pediatric trial found that children who received a chamomile and apple pectin preparation recovered from uncomplicated diarrhea several hours sooner than children who received a placebo. Adult studies have also shown improvements in symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, although we cannot assume children will experience the same degree of benefit.

From a practical standpoint, chamomile is one of my favorite herbs for children who seem to carry stress in their stomachs. Many children develop abdominal pain during periods of anxiety, excitement, or major life changes. While persistent or severe abdominal pain should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional, chamomile can sometimes help settle both the digestive system and the nervous system at the same time.

Can chamomile help children sleep?

Ask almost anyone to name an herb for sleep, and chamomile will probably be the first answer.

Chamomile has earned this reputation because many people feel calmer after drinking a warm cup of chamomile tea before bed. Some of its flavonoids, particularly apigenin, are thought to interact with receptors in the brain involved in relaxation and sleep regulation. Researchers continue to investigate these mechanisms, but the overall effect appears to be mild rather than strongly sedating.

For children, this distinction is important.

Chamomile is unlikely to “knock a child out” the way a sleep medication might. Instead, it may help reduce the restlessness or nervousness that sometimes makes falling asleep more difficult. Many parents find it particularly helpful for children who are overtired, anxious after a busy day, or having trouble settling into a bedtime routine.

The scientific evidence for insomnia is mixed. Some adult studies have demonstrated improvements in sleep quality, while others have found only modest benefits. Pediatric research remains limited, so we cannot say with confidence that chamomile is an effective treatment for chronic insomnia in children.

That said, chamomile is generally safe, inexpensive, and easy to incorporate into a calming bedtime routine. For many families, the ritual of slowing down with a warm herbal tea before bed may be just as beneficial as the herb itself.

Can chamomile help children with anxiety?

The connection between the digestive system and the brain is becoming increasingly recognized. Many children who feel anxious also experience stomach aches, nausea, or changes in bowel habits. Because chamomile appears to support both systems, it has become one of the most commonly recommended herbs for mild anxiety.

Most of the clinical research has been conducted in adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Several well-designed studies have found that standardized chamomile extracts can reduce anxiety symptoms compared to placebo, with relatively few side effects. Some studies have also reported improvements in mild depressive symptoms among adults with both anxiety and depression.

Unfortunately, pediatric research is much more limited. That does not necessarily mean chamomile is ineffective in children. Rather, it reflects a broader problem in herbal medicine research, where children are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

In clinical practice, chamomile is frequently used as part of a broader treatment plan for children experiencing occasional worry, nervousness, or emotional dysregulation. It is not intended to replace counseling, behavioral therapy, or other evidence-based treatments for significant anxiety disorders, but it may provide gentle support alongside these interventions.

Chamomile for eczema and irritated skin

Chamomile is not just for drinking.

Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have made it a popular ingredient in creams, ointments, bath products, and skin washes for centuries. Parents have traditionally used chamomile baths for babies with diaper rash, dry skin, eczema, or other forms of skin irritation.

Modern research provides some support for these traditional uses. Adult studies have found that chamomile-containing creams may improve eczema symptoms and perform similarly to some topical steroid creams for mild disease. Laboratory studies have also demonstrated antibacterial activity, reduced inflammation, and improved wound healing, although these findings do not always translate directly into clinical practice.

For children with eczema, chamomile should be viewed as one possible supportive therapy rather than a stand-alone treatment. Every child’s skin is different, and children with severe eczema often require a more comprehensive approach that addresses skin barrier function, allergen exposure, and underlying inflammation.

If you are using chamomile topically for the first time, it is reasonable to test a small area of skin first, particularly if your child has known allergies to plants in the daisy or ragweed family.gargle to alleviate sore throats, tonsillitis, and assist in managing periodontal diseases and gingivitis. The versatility of chamomile as a remedy for common childhood ailments and discomforts underscores its enduring role in pediatric healthcare. 

Is chamomile safe for children?

One of the reasons chamomile has remained popular for generations is its excellent safety profile. When used appropriately, chamomile is generally considered one of the safest medicinal herbs for children and is commonly recommended by herbalists, naturopathic physicians, and integrative pediatric practitioners.

That does not mean it is completely free of risk. Like any herbal medicine or medication, chamomile should be used thoughtfully and with appropriate dosing for a child’s age and size.

The primary safety concern is allergy. Chamomile belongs to the Asteraceae family, which also includes ragweed, daisies, chrysanthemums, and marigolds. Children with known allergies to these plants may occasionally develop allergic reactions to chamomile as well. Fortunately, this appears to be relatively uncommon, but it is something parents should keep in mind, particularly if their child has a history of seasonal allergies or reactions to related plants.

As with any new herb, it is reasonable to start with a small amount and observe for any signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, itching, swelling, or worsening eczema. If these occur, discontinue the herb and seek medical attention if symptoms are severe.

Is chamomile safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Many parents first become familiar with chamomile before their baby is even born.

Chamomile tea has traditionally been used to ease nausea, promote relaxation, and support sleep during pregnancy. Modern herbal safety references generally consider occasional use of chamomile tea to be low risk during pregnancy, although recommendations vary regarding medicinal doses during the first trimester. Because chamomile has mild smooth muscle relaxing properties, some practitioners recommend avoiding frequent or concentrated medicinal use early in pregnancy unless it has been discussed with your healthcare provider.

For breastfeeding mothers, chamomile is generally considered compatible with lactation and is commonly consumed as a tea. Only small amounts of its constituents are expected to reach breast milk, and adverse effects in nursing infants are considered uncommon. As with any herbal medicine, moderation is appropriate, and mothers should discontinue use if they notice any unusual symptoms in themselves or their infant.

How can parents use chamomile?

One of chamomile’s greatest strengths is its versatility. Depending on your child’s age and symptoms, there are several different ways it can be used.

Chamomile tea

Tea is probably the most familiar preparation. The dried flowers are steeped in hot water to produce a mildly sweet, floral infusion that many children enjoy, particularly when mixed with other child-friendly herbs.

Chamomile blends especially well with lemon balm for nervousness or difficulty sleeping, peppermint for digestive discomfort in older children, and fennel for gas and colic. Some children enjoy the taste on its own, while others prefer a small amount of honey if they are over one year of age.

Chamomile tinctures and glycerites

Liquid herbal extracts are often the easiest way to give chamomile to young children.

Alcohol-based tinctures are concentrated and require only small doses, while glycerites use vegetable glycerin instead of alcohol and have a naturally sweet taste that many children find more palatable. The appropriate dose depends on the child’s age, weight, and the concentration of the product, so parents should always follow the manufacturer’s instructions or their healthcare provider’s recommendations.

Chamomile baths

For babies with dry skin, diaper rash, or mild eczema, adding a strong chamomile tea infusion to bath water is a traditional remedy that many families find soothing. Although research on chamomile baths is limited, the herb’s anti-inflammatory properties make this a reasonable supportive treatment for mild skin irritation.

Compresses and skin care

A cooled cup of chamomile tea can also be used as a compress for irritated skin or minor inflammation. Some creams and ointments contain chamomile extracts, although it is important to choose products designed specifically for children and to avoid applying herbal preparations to open wounds without medical guidance.

Gargles and mouth rinses

Older children and teenagers may benefit from chamomile tea as a gargle for sore throats or mouth irritation. Because chamomile has mild anti-inflammatory properties, it has traditionally been used to soothe inflamed tissues in the mouth and throat. Children should be old enough to gargle safely without swallowing large amounts of the liquid.

What does the research actually show?

Chamomile is one of the best-studied medicinal herbs, but it is important to keep the evidence in perspective.

Researchers have investigated chamomile for an impressive range of conditions, including infant colic, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, depression, insomnia, eczema, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, nausea, gingivitis, and several other medical conditions. While many of these studies have produced encouraging results, relatively few have been conducted specifically in children.

Another challenge is that many clinical trials evaluate combination herbal formulas rather than chamomile by itself. For example, studies of infant colic often combine chamomile with fennel or lemon balm, while digestive studies may include multiple herbs in a single preparation. This reflects the way herbal medicine is commonly practiced, but it also makes it difficult to determine exactly how much benefit comes from chamomile alone.

Many of the published studies are also relatively small. Although their findings are promising, larger pediatric trials would help us better understand which children are most likely to benefit and what doses are most effective.

Frequently asked questions about chamomile

Can babies drink chamomile tea?

Chamomile has traditionally been used for infants with colic and digestive discomfort, and several clinical studies have included infants receiving chamomile-containing herbal preparations. However, parents should avoid giving large volumes of herbal tea to young infants, particularly those under six months of age, because breast milk or infant formula should remain their primary source of nutrition and hydration. If you are considering using chamomile for a young infant, it is best to discuss appropriate dosing with your child’s healthcare provider.

Does chamomile really help colic?

It may.

Several clinical trials have found that chamomile-containing herbal preparations reduced crying time in infants with colic. Most of these studies combined chamomile with other herbs such as fennel and lemon balm, so we cannot say that chamomile alone was responsible for the improvement. Nevertheless, the overall evidence suggests that chamomile may be a helpful component of a broader approach to managing colic.

Will chamomile make my child sleepy?

Probably not in the way many parents imagine.

Chamomile is not a sedative in the traditional sense. Instead, it appears to promote relaxation and may reduce the restlessness or anxiety that sometimes interferes with falling asleep. Many children simply seem calmer after drinking chamomile tea, particularly when it is incorporated into a consistent bedtime routine.

Can children take chamomile every day?

For most healthy children, occasional or short-term use of chamomile is considered very safe.

If your child requires chamomile every day for weeks or months because of persistent anxiety, abdominal pain, sleep difficulties, or digestive complaints, it is worth asking why those symptoms are occurring in the first place. Herbs can be wonderful supportive therapies, but they should not distract from identifying and treating the underlying cause of a child’s symptoms.

Can children be allergic to chamomile?

Yes, although it appears to be relatively uncommon.

Children with allergies to ragweed or other members of the daisy family may be more likely to react to chamomile. If your child develops itching, hives, swelling, or worsening eczema after using chamomile, discontinue it and seek medical advice.

When should you talk with your child’s healthcare provider?

Many of the conditions discussed in this article, including occasional stomach aches, mild anxiety, difficulty settling at bedtime, or minor skin irritation, are common parts of childhood. Chamomile may be a helpful supportive therapy in these situations.

However, herbal medicine should never replace appropriate medical evaluation when symptoms are persistent, severe, or concerning.

Talk with your healthcare provider if your child has:

• Persistent or worsening abdominal pain
• Blood in the stool or persistent diarrhea
• Poor weight gain or feeding difficulties
• Frequent vomiting
• Significant anxiety that interferes with school or daily life
• Chronic insomnia
• Moderate to severe eczema that is not improving with routine skin care
• Any symptom that concerns you as a parent

Children often respond very well to herbal medicine, but they also deserve a careful evaluation to ensure that more serious conditions are not being overlooked.

The bottom line

Chamomile has earned its reputation as one of the classic children’s herbs. It is gentle, versatile, inexpensive, and supported by centuries of traditional use alongside a growing body of modern scientific research.

Whether it is used to soothe a stomach ache, calm a fussy baby, support a bedtime routine, or provide gentle relief for irritated skin, chamomile offers parents a safe and practical option for many common childhood concerns. Although more pediatric research is still needed, the available evidence is encouraging, and its long history of safe use provides additional reassurance when it is used appropriately.

Like all herbal medicines, chamomile is not a cure-all. It works best as part of a comprehensive approach that includes good nutrition, healthy sleep habits, appropriate medical care, and attention to the underlying causes of a child’s symptoms. Used thoughtfully, however, chamomile deserves its place as one of the most valuable herbs in a family’s natural medicine cabinet.

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Medical disclaimer: This article is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Herbal medicines can interact with medications and may not be appropriate for every child. Always consult your child’s healthcare provider before beginning any new herbal therapy, particularly if your child has a chronic medical condition, takes prescription medications, or is younger than six months of age.

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